william the conqueror gray family

Most were constructed from earth and timber, but work had also begun on great stone towers in . [69][l], In 1065 Northumbria revolted against Tostig, and the rebels chose Morcar, the younger brother of Edwin, Earl of Mercia, as earl in place of Tostig. of a series of incidents that brought about the Boston Massacre later that Although this was William's first defeat in battle, it did little to change things. In 1064 William invaded Brittany in a campaign that remains obscure in its details. In August and September 1079 King Malcolm of Scots raided south of the River Tweed, devastating the land between the River Tees and the Tweed in a raid that lasted almost a month. 2. as Then the king returned to Normandy late in 1068. He was of Viking extraction. captured Reginald. [105] William then turned his attention to the continent, returning to Normandy in early 1073 to deal with the invasion of Maine by Fulk le Rechin, the Count of Anjou. It was said that Walter, William's maternal uncle, was occasionally forced to hide the young duke in the houses of peasants,[23] although this story may be an embellishment by Orderic Vitalis. By 1509 an Edward Grey was one of only three remaining powerful The second, which included some who became William's firm supporters, such as Robert, Count of Eu, Walter Giffard, Roger of Mortemer, and William de Warenne, faced the other invading force. The union was arranged in 1049, but Pope Leo IX forbade the marriage at the Council of Rheims in October 1049. His reign in England was marked by the construction of castles, settling a new Norman nobility on the land, and change in the composition of the English clergy. As King Edward's heir, he controlled all of the former royal lands. [f] One of Herleva's brothers, Walter, became a supporter and protector of William during his minority. He registered for military service in 1066. William I, byname William the Conqueror or William the Bastard or William of Normandy, French Guillaume le Conqurant or Guillaume le Btard or Guillaume de Normandie, (born c. 1028, Falaise, Normandy [France]died September 9, 1087, Rouen), duke of Normandy (as William II) from 1035 and king of England (as William I) from 1066, one of the greatest soldiers and rulers of the Middle Ages . He also allowed his son Robert Curthose to do homage to the new Count of Anjou, Geoffrey the Bearded. from tree Kittredge Family Tree (Private) Birth. The Norman sources do not dispute the fact that Harold was named as the next king, but they declare that Harold's oath and Edward's earlier promise of the throne could not be changed on Edward's deathbed. children: Richard, baptized August 1608, buried October 9, 1613. Fulbert was also William the Conqueror's Great Chamberlain. He did not try to integrate his domains into one empire but continued to administer each part separately. in and about London. Gray was one of William the Conquerors companions in arms at the battle in the Reign of William the Conqueror, are the Amoreal bearings of Paganus [q] Another reason for the appointment may have been pressure from the papacy to appoint Lanfranc. It afterward queen of Edward IV; Thomas Grey, created Marquis of Dorset in The listing for each county gives the holdings of each landholder, grouped by owners. diverse branches. This would have been considered tampering with the king's authority over his vassals, which William would not have tolerated. During his childhood and adolescence, members of the Norman aristocracy battled each other, both for control of the child duke, and for their own ends. I have probably played with most of them. [67] Some sources claim that Harold took part in William's Breton campaign of 1064 and swore to uphold William's claim to the English throne at the end of the campaign,[65] but no English source reports this trip, and it is unclear if it actually occurred. The lack of Norman response appears to have caused the Northumbrians to grow restive, and in the spring of 1080 they rebelled against the rule of Walcher, the Bishop of Durham and Earl of Northumbria. [2] At an ecclesiastical council held in Lillebonne in 1080, he was confirmed in his ultimate authority over the Norman church. a royal commission set up by William in 1085-86), as lord of many manors [63] No English source mentions a supposed embassy by Archbishop Robert to William conveying the promise of the succession, and the two Norman sources that mention it, William of Jumiges and William of Poitiers, are not precise in their chronology of when this visit took place. They were John, Elizabeth, Edward, Sarah, Thomas and Rebecca. William the Conqueror and his son Robert, 1865 (Credit: John Cassell). no trace to follow. and lordships in the counties of Oxford and Buckingham. [138], Disorder followed William's death; everyone who had been at his deathbed left the body at Rouen and hurried off to attend to their own affairs. William I (c. 1028 - 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman monarch of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087.A descendant of Rollo, he was Duke of Normandy from 1035 onward. William I, the first Norman King of England, ascended to the throne in 1066 shortly after the death of his second cousin, Edward the Confessor. His daughter, Arlotta, is said to have been the mother of William the Conqueror. [94] But the families of Harold and his brothers lost their lands, as did some others who had fought against William at Hastings. His marriage in the 1050s to Matilda of Flanders provided him with a powerful ally in the neighbouring county of Flanders. [e] His mother Herleva was a daughter of Fulbert of Falaise; he may have been a tanner or embalmer. The lands around Rouen became the core of the later duchy of Normandy. Some of William's Breton troops panicked and fled, and some of the English troops appear to have pursued the fleeing Bretons until they themselves were attacked and destroyed by Norman cavalry. [135] Coinage across his domains continued to be minted in different cycles and styles. Bellme's overlord was the king of France, but Domfront was under the overlordship of Geoffrey Martel and Duke William was Alenon's overlord. From this his family assumed the name of DeCroy, which was later He took part in church councils and made several appointments to the Norman episcopate, including the appointment of Maurilius as Archbishop of Rouen. So William had three kids we care about: William II, Henry I and Adela. John, Lord of Gray, whose son Anschetil de Gray was one of William the Conquerors companions in arms at the battle of Hastings, and was recorded in the Domesday Book (a record complied by a royal commission set up by William in 1085-86), as lord of many manors and lordships in the counties of Oxford and . These dates would By the time of his marriage, William was able to arrange the appointment of his supporters as bishops and abbots in the Norman church. Thomas were sent to America by relatives who were scheming for the property In the 1050s and early 1060s, William became a contender for the throne of England held by the childless Edward the Confessor, his first cousin once removed. [107][r] Philip, although thwarted in this attempt, turned his attentions to Brittany, leading to a revolt in 1075. Roger was unable to leave his stronghold in Herefordshire because of efforts by Wulfstan, the Bishop of Worcester, and thelwig, the Abbot of Evesham. . of the family. Henry led the main thrust through the county of vreux, while the other wing, under the king's brother Odo, invaded eastern Normandy. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle states that it was a military campaign, but Welsh sources record it as a pilgrimage to St Davids in honour of Saint David. The other, the De obitu Willelmi, or On the Death of William, has been shown to be a copy of two 9th-century accounts with names changed. Hereward escaped, but Morcar was captured, deprived of his earldom, and imprisoned. [22] Yet another guardian, Osbern, was slain in the early 1040s in William's chamber while the duke slept. Since then they have repeatedly distinguished W. Gray. [15], William faced several challenges on becoming duke, including his illegitimate birth and his youth: the evidence indicates that he was either seven or eight years old at the time. Arguing that Edward had previously promised the throne to him and that Harold had sworn to support his claim, William built a large fleet and invaded England in September 1066. He died in early July at Nicea, on his way back to Normandy. [31] To address the growing power of the Count of Anjou, Geoffrey Martel,[32] William joined with King Henry in a campaign against him, the last known cooperation between the two. The intact body was restored to the tomb at that time, but in 1562, during the French Wars of Religion, the grave was reopened and the bones scattered and lost, with the exception of one thigh bone. Born circa 1028 in Falaise, Normandy, France, William the Conqueror was an illegitimate child of Robert I, duke of Normandy, who died in 1035 while returning from a pilgrimage to . Birth, marriage and death [137] William's exact motivation in ordering the survey is unclear, but it probably had several purposes, such as making a record of feudal obligations and justifying increased taxation. left and came back later with some help, but Sams friends came to his aid The English dead, who included some of Harold's brothers and his housecarls, were left on the battlefield. It appears that the Gray family was from Harwich, Essex, as a John and [9] Herleva was possibly a member of the ducal household, but did not marry Robert. [38] William met the invasion by dividing his forces into two groups. [i] The marriage nevertheless went ahead some time in the early 1050s,[43][j] possibly unsanctioned by the pope. Harold stopped in London, and was there for about a week before marching to Hastings, so it is likely that he spent about a week on his march south, averaging about 27 miles (43 kilometres) per day,[81] for the distance of approximately 200 miles (320 kilometres). If John Tebbel is correct in his book "Turning The World Upside Down", Usually, this was a member of William's close family frequently his half-brother Odo or his wife Matilda. By 1060, following a long struggle to establish his throne, his hold on Normandy . The legates ceremonially crowned William during the Easter court. William, Duke of Normandy, conquered England in 1066. William the Conqueror; Issue Detail: Robert II, Duke of Normandy Richard Adeliza Cecilia William II, King of England Constance, Duchess of Brittany Adela, Countess of Blois Henry I, King of England . Owain received 10,000 marks (L6,666) ransom for him. The historian Eleanor Searle speculates that William was raised with the three cousins who later became important in his career William fitzOsbern, Roger de Beaumont, and Roger of Montgomery. of Gray have sprung, (IV) William de Grey and (V) Henry de Grey. [144] In the years since the Conquest, politicians and other leaders have used William and the events of his reign to illustrate political events throughout English history. Others, such as H. G. Richardson and G. O. Sayles, see the changes brought about by the Conquest as much less radical than Southern suggests. William's movements during 1084 and 1085 are unclear he was in Normandy at Easter 1084 but may have been in England before then to collect the danegeld assessed that year for the defence of England against an invasion by King Cnut IV of Denmark. His son, Sir Andrew Gray, joined On the death It was during this exile that Edward offered the throne to William. From a Boston Transcript clipping in the Durfee film 804977, "Clarkes He made arrangements for the governance of England in early 1067 before returning to Normandy. For example, England continued the use of writs, which were not known on the continent. The historian Frank Barlow points out that William had suffered from his uncle Mauger's ambitions while young and thus would not have countenanced creating another such situation. Edward, baptized April 15, 1623 (no further mention). but found "himself bruished and bloody on the ground." Northumberland persuaded the sickly Edward VI to name Lady Jane Grey as his heir just before his death on 6 July 1553. William Gray (1750-1826) What families came over with William the Conqueror? [73], William of Poitiers describes a council called by Duke William, in which the writer gives an account of a great debate that took place between William's nobles and supporters over whether to risk an invasion of England. all apparently descended from one parent stock and one origin. Although William returned to York and built another castle, Edgar remained free, and in the autumn he joined up with King Sweyn. He was not known as a patron of authors, and there is little evidence that he sponsored scholarships or other intellectual activities. and were for many generations in high favor with the English kings. There were farmers, fishermen and tradesmen. The fleet carried an invasion force that included, in addition to troops from William's own territories of Normandy and Maine, large numbers of mercenaries, allies, and volunteers from Brittany, northeastern France, and Flanders, together with smaller numbers from other parts of Europe. William placed supporters in charge of these new fortifications among them William Peverel at Nottingham and Henry de Beaumont at Warwick. Earl of Kent, Chief of the ancient and illustrious house of Gray, so dignified There are a few like xxxx xxxxxxx London, England. William also benefited from his campaign in Brittany by securing the support of some Breton nobles who went on to support the invasion of England in 1066. of Tiverton had a son William whose son Robert was the discoverer of the The Whitsun council saw the appointment of Lanfranc as the new Archbishop of Canterbury, and Thomas of Bayeux as the new Archbishop of York, to replace Ealdred, who had died in September 1069. Next, he led his forces around the south and west of London, burning along the way. [114] Roger and Waltheof were kept in prison, where Waltheof was executed in May 1076. Marcher Lords. George Herbert Walker Bush (1924- ), 41st President of the US. [93] These captures secured William's rear areas and also his line of retreat to Normandy, if that was needed. [140][w], The immediate consequence of William's death was a war between his sons Robert and William over control of England and Normandy. [50] He was strong enough to draw bows that others were unable to pull and had great stamina. William was the son of the unmarried Duke Robert I of Normandy and his mistress Herleva. [46][k] The marriage was important in bolstering William's status, as Flanders was one of the more powerful French territories, with ties to the French royal house and to the German emperors. King Robert Bruce when he ascended the throne. Early Life. English resistance had also begun, with Eadric the Wild attacking Hereford and revolts at Exeter, where Harold's mother Gytha was a focus of resistance. Edwin and Morcar submitted, but William continued on to York, building York and Nottingham Castles before returning south. But William was not finished; he marched over the Pennines during the winter and defeated the remaining rebels at Shrewsbury before building Chester and Stafford Castles. Robert raided into Lothian and forced Malcolm to agree to terms, building a fortification (the 'new castle') at Newcastle upon Tyne while returning to England. 2 son of Robert I, Duke of Normandy and Harlette de Falaise, was born about 1028 in Falaise, Normandy, France and died on 9 Sep 1087 in Rouen, Normandy, France about age 59.. Other names for William were William of Normandy and William I King of England. On his father's death in 1035, William was recognised by his family as the heir - an . Sarah, baptized January 12, 1616, married Thomas Harding May 30, 1642. After three weeks, the besieged forces sallied from the castle and managed to take the besiegers by surprise. Lord Gray made also a separate entail of his estate, upon which there passed a charter under the great seal, in favours of William master of Gray, * and the heirs-male procreate or to be procreate betwixt him and Anne mistress of Gray, (therein designed daughter and heiress of Andrew . The rest of his life was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his continental lands, and by difficulties with his eldest son, Robert Curthose. The town held out for 18 days, and after it fell to William he built a castle to secure his control. There were probably other reasons for William's delay, including intelligence reports from England revealing that Harold's forces were deployed along the coast. Their forces landed near Bristol but were defeated by Eadnoth. repeated in mixed company." himself there. [71], Harold was crowned on 6 January 1066 in Edward's new Norman-style Westminster Abbey, although some controversy surrounds who performed the ceremony. Robert also had a commission issued [92], William may have hoped the English would surrender following his victory, but they did not. Interaction between father and son, nevertheless, remained problematic right up until William's passing. [n][79] Events after the invasion, which included the penance William performed and statements by later popes, do lend circumstantial support to the claim of papal approval. [97], In 1068 Edwin and Morcar revolted, supported by Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria. The Grays were not restored to their rights and court favor until the [1][8][d] He was the only son of Robert I, son of Richard II. If you have any information concerning any of these people, or They succeeded in capturing an Angevin fortress but accomplished little else. [t] When in Normandy, William acknowledged that he owed fealty to the French king, but in England no such acknowledgement was made further evidence that the various parts of William's lands were considered separate. http://members.aol.com/rinewpor/famhist.html. His holdings included nine thirtieths of the In that year he gave Rhuthun to Reginald de Grey. Some appear to have been reluctant to take up lands in a kingdom that did not always appear pacified. He crossed back and forth between the continent and England at least 19 times between 1067 and his death. Although a mere two or three days' ride away at Abbeville, Robert did not attend William's deathbed or funeral. King Harold received word of their invasion and marched north, defeating the invaders and killing Tostig and Hardrada on 25 September at the Battle of Stamford Bridge. The difficulties over the succession led to a loss of authority in Normandy, with the aristocracy regaining much of the power they had lost to the elder William. Hubert was besieged in his castle at Sainte-Suzanne by William's forces for at least two years, but he eventually made his peace with the king and was restored to favour. One story implicates Earl Godwin of Wessex in Alfred's subsequent death, but others blame Harold. Descendants [60] The trip is unlikely given William's absorption in warfare with Anjou at the time. The Norman conquest changed all that. The administrative machinery of Normandy, England, and Maine continued to exist separate from the other lands, with each one retaining its own forms. Henry de Gray had several sons; (I) Robert of Rotherfield, (II) Richard at Salem, Boston, Plymouth and Yarmouth and in the provinces of Connecticut [110] However, Edgar was forced to submit to William shortly thereafter, and he returned to William's court. At an early period there were also Grays [2] William assumed power in Normandy, and shortly after the battle promulgated the Truce of God throughout his duchy, in an effort to limit warfare and violence by restricting the days of the year on which fighting was permitted. See also the William's biographer David Bates argues that the former explanation is more likely, explaining that the balance of power had recently shifted in Wales and that William would have wished to take advantage of the changed circumstances to extend Norman power. [112], The exact reason for the rebellion is unclear, but it was launched at the wedding of Ralph to a relative of Roger, held at Exning in Suffolk. The elder John de Gray had a son, Henry He died in September 1087 while leading a campaign in northern France, and was buried in Caen. Dorset branch of the Gray family. [2], William left England towards the end of 1086. King Philip of France later relieved the siege and defeated William at the Battle of Dol in 1076, forcing him to retreat back to Normandy. [83] Harold had taken a defensive position at the top of Senlac Hill (present-day Battle, East Sussex), about 6 miles (9.7 kilometres) from William's castle at Hastings. His conquest had major implications for the history of both regions, from displacing much of the pre-Conquest Anglo-Saxon nobility to reshaping the English language.. William's early life. Within the first century, between 1620 and 1720, research indicates that Known as 'William the Bastard' to his contemporaries, his illegitimacy shaped his career when he was young. de Gray, who was in high favor with King Richard I and King John.

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